Tariff & Trade Update
Major Southeast Asia Trade Pacts: New U.S. Reciprocal Agreements
On October 26, the U.S. announced new reciprocal trade agreements with Malaysia and Cambodia, along with framework agreements with Vietnam and Thailand. The series of deals expand market access for U.S. exporters and reinforce commitments to address non-tariff barriers across Southeast Asia.
Under the Malaysia agreement, the U.S. will maintain a 19% tariff on Malaysian imports, with certain goods eligible for zero percent, while Malaysia opens its market to U.S. agricultural and industrial exports.
The Vietnam framework removes tariffs on nearly all U.S. goods and strengthens commitments on digital trade, environmental standards, and intellectual property protections. Vietnam will continue facing a 20% reciprocal tariff rate on its exports to the U.S., with select goods receiving zero-tariff treatment.
Through the Cambodia agreement, tariffs on 100% of U.S. exports to Cambodia are eliminated, granting full duty-free access for American products. Cambodia also committed to reduce licensing barriers, recognize U.S. regulatory standards, protect intellectual property, and strengthen labor and environmental enforcement. The U.S. will maintain a 19% reciprocal tariff on Cambodian imports, with certain products qualifying for zero-percent treatment.
The Thailand framework anticipates the removal of tariffs on roughly 99% of U.S. industrial and agricultural goods while the U.S. continues its 19% reciprocal rate, identifying specific goods for zero-tariff status.
What it means for supply-chain pros:
- U.S. exporters may gain significant new access in Southeast Asia for machinery, food products, and critical materials, especially those included in Annex III.
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Importers and carriers should monitor which product lines receive zero percent tariff status because sourcing competitiveness in the region may shift quickly.
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Compliance attention will need to increase, since non-tariff requirements such as product standards and rules of origin remain highly relevant.